Which of the following does NOT affect drug absorption?

• A. Milk/Milk Products
• B. Grapefruit
• C. Leafy Green Vegetables
• D. Salt

Answer: (D)

Foods can change how a drug is absorbed by altering the gut environment, binding the medication, or changing how it moves through the digestive tract. Dairy products can bind certain drugs like tetracyclines and some fluoroquinolones, reducing their absorption. Grapefruit juice can inhibit intestinal enzymes and transporters, leading to higher amounts of some drugs entering the bloodstream. Leafy greens, due to fiber content and other compounds, can influence absorption or interact with drugs in ways that affect how much drug gets absorbed. Salt, however, is a simple electrolyte and does not typically bind medications or alter the gut processes that govern absorption, so it does not affect absorption in the same way as the others.